Aviva is a natural health shop (retail and online) based in Winnipeg, MB, Canada.We proudly ship healthy lifestyle products to customers worldwide. FREE SHIPPING in Canada for most orders over $100Aviva.ca - Your Health Superstore - Call us toll-free: (866) 947-6789Local SST Impacts on the Summertime Mascarene High Variability Yushi MoriokaAffiliationsApplication Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Koutarou TakayaAffiliationsFaculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan Swadhin K. BeheraAffiliationsApplication Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Yukio MasumotoAffiliationsGraduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan The interannual variations in the summertime Mascarene high have great impacts on the southern African climate as well as the sea surface temperature (SST) in the southern Indian Ocean. A set of coupled general circulation model (CGCM) experiments are performed to examine a role of the interannual SST variability in the southern Indian Ocean on the summertime Mascarene high variability.

The dominant interannual variability in the summertime Mascarene high shows the strengthening (weakening) in its southern part throughout the austral summer (December–February). However, in the experiment where the interannual SST variability in the southern Indian Ocean is suppressed, the strengthening (weakening) of the Mascarene high in its southern part does not persist until February. Also, the Mascarene high variability and its associated SST anomalies in December and January are found to increase (decrease) the southern African rainfall via more (less) moisture supply from the southern Indian Ocean. The Mascarene high variability is actually associated with a meridional dipole of positive and negative SST anomalies, which in turn produces that of the meridional SST gradient anomaly. This causes a southward (northward) shift of the storm tracks and hence the westerly jet, favoring the strengthening (weakening) of the Mascarene high in its southern part. This local ocean–atmosphere feedback effectively operates in February, when the meridional dipole of the SST anomalies reaches the maximum.

These results provide new insight into the important role of the local SST variability in the summertime Mascarene high variability and hence the southern African climate. AMS Single Sign-On Log In If you have a subscription to the AMS Journals Online content, please click here to login via the AMS single sign-on page and gain access to this content. If you are interested in Pay Per View or want to log in as an institutional admin, please use the login area below.airwiz air duct cleaning If you have an individual subscription to this content, or if you have purchased this content through Pay Per Article within the past 24 hours, you can gain access by logging in with your username and password here:mikuni vm38 air cleaner 30 days access for $35.00honeywell® ifd air purifier oscillating tower

Connecting the Tropics to the Polar Regions Seventh International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG) Workshop Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) In Honor of Bach-Lien Hua: Ocean Scale InteractionsEdit ArticleHow to Grow Mushrooms Four Parts:Choosing Mushroom Spawn and SubstrateCreating the Optimal Growing EnvironmentInoculating the Substrate and Monitoring Mycelium GrowthHarvesting the MushroomsCommunity Q&A Mushrooms aren't difficult to grow at home if you set up the proper environment. Unlike plants, which grow from seeds, mushrooms grow from microscopic spores that take root in a substrate, or growing medium. Read on for information on how to create ideal growing conditions, care for the growing mushrooms, and harvest them when they're ready to eat. Decide what type of mushroom to grow. There are hundreds of types of edible mushrooms to choose from, and most of them can be grown in your home. Here are a few options to consider if this is your first time growing mushrooms.

Once you get a feel for the process, advance to strains that that are more delicate and need an expert touch. When you've decided what type of mushroom to grow, purchase spawn (a mixture of mushroom spores and nutrients they need to thrive. White button mushrooms are hardy and produce plenty of "fruit." They are a great addition to salads, soups and everyday meals. Oyster mushrooms have a mild, delicious flavor that makes them a popular ingredient in stir-fries and soups. Since oyster mushrooms are delicate, they aren't frequently found in stores, which makes growing them at home all the more special. Shiitake mushrooms have a deep, smoky flavor, and their firm texture makes them a good substitute for meat. Source the right kind of substrate. To grow mushrooms, you will inoculate substrate with an injection of mushroom spawn. It's important to make sure you have the right kind of substrate for the type of mushroom you want to grow. Mushrooms come from all regions of the world and require substrates that mimic outdoor growing conditions.

Mushroom growing kits come with pre-mixed "grow bags," which you inoculate with spawn through a small hole. The mushrooms grow directly in the bags, and you cut off the top of the bag to harvest them. This is a fine choice for a novice mushroom grower. If you want to grow mushrooms without the aid of a grow bag, buy a wooden tray about 6 inches (15.2 cm) deep and a few feet wide to fill with substrate according to the type of mushroom you are growing. White button mushrooms need composted manure substrate. Oyster mushrooms need straw substrate. Shiitakes, lion's mane, and hen-of-the-woods mushrooms grow best on wood or sawdust substrate. You can also grow them on a log. Find a dark, chilly place. If you've ever walked through a forest and stumbled on a patch of mushrooms, you know they tend to grow in the damp shade of tall trees. To grow them in in your home, you'll need to recreate a forest-like environment with a temperature of between 55 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

A dark basement is ideal, especially if you don't keep yours heated. A dark closest could also be a good environment for mushrooms. If your house gets hot during the summer, consider growing mushrooms in the winter instead, to make sure the mushrooms don't get overheated. Create a humid environment. Mushrooms need a high air moisture level to thrive. If you live in a very dry region, you may want to buy a humidifier to make the air around the mushrooms more conducive to their growth. Dark, humid environments can lead to mold growth and attract insects. Your designated mushroom-growing spot should be a place in your home that you don't mind temporarily converting into an outdoor-type environment. Different types of mushrooms require slightly different growing conditions. Research the type of mushroom you plan to grow to find out exactly how much humidity it needs. Inoculate the substrate with spawn. The spawn you ordered should have come in a plastic syringe.

Remove the cover and inject the spawn into the substrate. If you're using a mushroom kit with a grow bag, place the syringe needle into the small hole on the front of the bag. Inject the substrate into the bag with the syringe. If you're using a tray filled with substrate, use the syringe to inject the substrate in several places. Keep the substrate warm for two weeks. For the first stage of its growth, mushroom spawn must be kept at a temperature of about 70 °F (21 °C). This encourages the growth of mycelium, the white, feathery roots that will eventually produce mushrooms. If you're growing the mushrooms in a cool place without controlled heating, you can use a heating pad to keep the substrate at the correct temperature. Don't let the heat rise above 70 degrees, since higher temperatures can kill the spores. When you see mycelium, drop the temperature. Cover with an inch of soil or moss. When the delicate webbing of mycelium has formed, it's important to protect it with a layer of soil or peat moss.

Place a layer of newspaper or a thin cloth over the layer of soil or moss. If you're using a grow bag, open up the top when you see good mycelium growth. Keep the top layer moist. Use a spray bottle filled with water to spritz the cloth or newspaper layer with water several times daily. It should be kept moist for at least ten days.the point is to create moist, damp conditions, but the growing environment should not be dripping wet. If you are using a grow bag, simply spritz the top layer of substrate in the grow bag with water every day to keep it moist. After 10 days, remove the cloth or newspaper. Pick the mushrooms when they have grown to full size. Show more unanswered questions There are kits available from some suppliers for growing moonlight mushrooms. These books provide great information on growing mushrooms: Manual of Mushroom Culture, by G. Raymond Rettew from Mushroom Supply Company The Mushroom Cultivator, by P.E. Stamets and J.S. Chilton