† ‡§∥ ⊥#¶DOI: *jwei@simtech.a-star.edu.sg, *tjwhite@ntu.edu.sgAbstractRare earth silicate apatites are one-dimensional channel structures that show potential as electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to their high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C). This advantageous property can be attributed to the presence of both interstitial oxygen and cation vacancies, that create diffusion paths which computational studies suggest are less tortuous and have lower activation energies for migration than in stoichiometric compounds. In this work, neutron diffraction of Nd(28+x)/3AlxSi6–xO26 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) single crystals identified the locations of oxygen interstitials, and allowed the deduction of a dual-path conduction mechanism that is a natural extension of the single-path sinusoidal channel trajectory arrived at through computation. This discovery provides the most thorough understanding of the O2– transport mechanism along the channels to date, clarifies the mode of interchannel motion, and presents a complete picture of O2– percolation through apatite.

Previously reported crystallographic and conductivity measurements are re-examined in the light of these new findings. Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13409.Raman active modes; Raman activity in P63 space group; Raman activity in P63/m space group; (Table S3) internal modes of SiO4 in P63 space group; (Table S4) internal modes of SiO4 in P63/m space group; Raman activity of possible oxygen interstitials in P63/m space group; and (Table S6) internal modes of perturbed SiO4 in P63/m space group (PDF)Single crystal neutron diffraction data in Crystallographic Information File (CIF) format, Raman activities and internal modes of different space symmetries, oxygen interstitials and perturbed SiO4 tetrahedra (CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)(CIF)(TXT)View: ACS ActiveView PDF | Journal of Materials Chemistry A Low-cost and flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) based counter electrodes for efficient energy conversion in dye-sensitized solar cells

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574 msewq@nus.edu.sg Fax: +65 6776 3604 Tel: +65 6516 7118five star fs8088 ionic air purifier review Surface Technology Group, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075oreck xl professional air purifier with truman cell technology This article is part of themed collection:dyson am04 air multiplier heizlüfter Flexible energy storage and conversion A roll-to-roll slot die coating process was used to deposit PEDOT:PSS on PET and the resulting composite films were evaluated for use as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).

The effect of depositing an additional layer of electropolymerized PEDOT onto the flat PEDOT/PET electrodes was also studied. Counter electrodes and complete DSCs were characterized by steady-state current–voltage, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and IPCE measurements. Evidence that the PEDOT-based counter electrode can modify the electrolyte solution composition, probably by increasing the proton concentration, is presented. The overall cell performance under 1 Sun illumination is improved by addition of an electropolymerized layer of PEDOT to flat PEDOT/PET counter electrodes, but both remain inferior to platinized FTO. Under 0.2 Sun illumination, devices employing counter electrodes with electropolymerized PEDOT on a PEDOT/PET substrate (named as EP/PEDOT/PET) perform almost similarly to those with platinized FTO counter electrodes, suggesting that EP/PEDOT/PET electrodes may be useful in DSCs designed for low light (e.g. indoor) operation, especially considering the low costs of PEDOT and the roll-to-roll and electropolymerization processes.